Which two statements are valid regarding Junos automation? (Choose two.)
C, A
Explanation:
In Junos automation, several processes handle API requests, and understanding which process
handles what is crucial:
jsd Process:
XML API Calls (A): The jsd process is responsible for handling XML API calls, which are a significant
part of Junos automation. XML API allows for structured and standardized communication with Junos
devices, enabling automation scripts to query and configure devices.
JET API Requests (C): The jsd process also handles JET (Junos Extension Toolkit) API requests. JET
provides a more modern, programmable interface for interacting with Junos OS, and jsd is the
process that manages these interactions.
mgd Process (Incorrect Option):
Not for JET API Requests: The mgd process handles general management operations, such as CLI
commands and managing the configuration database, but it does not handle JET API requests. That
role is fulfilled by jsd.
mod Process (Incorrect Option):
Not for XML API Calls: The mod process deals with managing chassis components and is not involved
in handling XML API calls.
Reference:
Juniper Networks JET and XML API Documentation: Describes the roles of jsd in handling both XML
and JET API requests.
Junos Automation and DevOps Documentation: Provides insights into how different processes
interact with Junos APIs.
What is the difference between a list and a tuple in Python?
B
Explanation:
In Python, the distinction between lists and tuples is essential for efficient programming:
Lists:
Mutable (B): This means that once a list is created, its elements can be changed, added, or removed.
Lists are versatile and commonly used when the data is expected to change.
Square Brackets: Lists are defined using square brackets [].
Example:
my_list = [1, 2, 3]
my_list[0] = 10 # Modifying the first element
Tuples:
Immutable (B): Once a tuple is created, it cannot be altered. Tuples are used when a fixed collection
of items is needed, providing more integrity to the data.
Parentheses: Tuples are defined using parentheses ().
Example:
my_tuple = (1, 2, 3)
# my_tuple[0] = 10 # This would raise an error because tuples are immutable
Reference:
Python Official Documentation: The Python Language Reference provides detailed information on
data types like lists and tuples, including their mutability and syntax.
Automation Scripts: In the context of automation, understanding when to use mutable or immutable
data structures can significantly impact script performance and reliability.
You want to use a Python package or module.
In this scenario, which statement would accomplish this task?
D
Explanation:
In Python, to use a package or module, you use the import statement. This statement allows you to
load a module into your script so that you can use its functions, classes, and variables. For example, if
you wanted to use the math module, you would write import math. This makes all the functions and
constants in the math module available for use in your program.
Option A (reap), B (dir), and C (input) do not serve the purpose of importing modules. dir is used to
list the attributes of an object, input is used to get user input, and reap is not a valid Python
command related to importing modules.
Supporting Reference:
Python Documentation on Imports: The Python documentation provides clear guidelines on how to
use the import statement to include modules in your Python scripts.
Using the set rest control configuration command, what are two ways to control access to the REST
API running on a Junos device? (Choose two.)
C, D
Explanation:
When using the set rest control configuration command on a Junos device, you have several options
to control access to the REST API. Two effective methods include:
Limiting the number of simultaneous connections: This ensures that the REST API is not
overwhelmed by too many concurrent requests, which could potentially lead to performance issues
or denial of service.
Limiting access to certain source IP addresses: This method restricts API access to specific IP
addresses, enhancing security by ensuring that only trusted sources can interact with the REST API.
Option A (Limit management access to only SSH) is unrelated to controlling REST API access
specifically.
Option B (Limit management access to specific users) might be relevant in a different context, but it
is not directly tied to REST API control via the specific command mentioned.
Supporting Reference:
Juniper Networks REST API Documentation: This documentation explains how to configure and
control access to the REST API on Junos devices, including connection limits and IP-based access
control.
Which two statements about Junos automation are correct? (Choose two.)
AC
Explanation:
A. The Junos REST API client is on-box:
The Junos REST API is on-box, meaning it is hosted directly on the Junos OS device. This allows you to
interact with the device through RESTful API calls without needing an external client to act as an
intermediary. With the on-box REST API, users can manage and automate configuration and
operational tasks directly from the Junos device itself using HTTP/HTTPS protocols. This simplifies
automation and remote management since the API server is embedded within the device.
Key Automation Capabilities of On-box REST API:
Supports configuration, monitoring, and operational commands.
Allows for direct device interaction via tools like curl, or through custom-built automation scripts.
Reference: Junos Automation documentation explains that the REST API client runs natively on the
device, providing a web-based interface for automation tasks.
C . Junos automation allows for device provisioning through the console port:
Junos automation does indeed allow for device provisioning through the console port, especially in
the context of Zero Touch Provisioning (ZTP). When network interfaces are not initially configured, or
when remote access is not possible, devices can be provisioned via the console port. This method is
commonly used during the initial setup process, enabling administrators to deploy configurations
even without network access. ZTP automates initial configurations, including system setup and
software installation, which can be triggered via the console.
Key Advantages of Console-based Provisioning:
Useful in environments where network interfaces are unavailable or not yet configured.
Essential for the initial bootstrapping of devices in remote locations.
Reference: Junos documentation on Zero Touch Provisioning (ZTP) and automation methods
highlights that provisioning through the console port is supported and often used for initial setups.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
B . Junos automation does not allow for device provisioning through the console port: This statement
is incorrect because Junos automation does allow for provisioning via the console port, particularly
during initial device setups.
D . The Junos REST API client is off-box: This is incorrect because the REST API client can be directly
on the Junos device, providing local API functionality (on-box).
Juniper Automation in DevOps Context: Junos automation, especially with on-box REST API and
console-based provisioning, enhances the flexibility and accessibility of device management in
DevOps environments. These capabilities simplify remote configuration, monitoring, and device
setup even in cases where direct network access is unavailable.
Which two statements are correct about using the Junos REST API? (Choose two.)
A, D
Explanation:
A. It supports data in CSV format:
The Junos REST API supports multiple data formats for transferring information between systems,
including XML, JSON, and CSV (Comma Separated Values). This flexibility allows for easier data
parsing, especially in environments where structured data (like CSV) is a standard. CSV is often used
for bulk data export or import and reporting purposes, making it an essential format for automation
tasks involving external systems or large datasets.
Example Usage in REST API:
When using the Junos REST API, a user can request configuration or operational data and specify the
response format (XML, JSON, or CSV). CSV is particularly useful when integrating Junos devices with
systems that require easily readable, tabular formats.
Reference: Junos REST API documentation confirms support for CSV format alongside XML and JSON
for RESTful interactions.
D. It is a simple configuration:
The Junos REST API is designed to be relatively simple to configure. Once the REST API service is
enabled on the Junos device, it can be accessed via HTTP or HTTPS, making it an easy entry point for
automation and management tasks. Unlike more complex protocols (such as NETCONF), the REST
API is lightweight and easier to use for simple configuration changes and retrieving operational data.
Configuration Example:
To enable the REST API, you can add the following configuration:
set system services rest http
set system services rest https
After enabling the service, API requests can be made to interact with the device for automation
tasks, without needing the complexity of SSH or NETCONF configuration.
Reference: The Junos REST API is well-documented as an easy-to-configure and use API interface,
making it accessible even for those who are new to Junos automation.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
B . It must use SSH for a connection: This is incorrect. The Junos REST API uses HTTP or HTTPS for
communication, not SSH. While SSH is commonly used for NETCONF, it is not required for REST API
connections. REST APIs operate over standard web protocols.
C . NETCONF is not supported: This is incorrect. Junos supports both REST API and NETCONF for
automation and configuration management. NETCONF is an XML-based protocol used for device
configuration, which operates over SSH. The REST API and NETCONF can coexist on the same device,
offering multiple avenues for automation.
Juniper Automation in DevOps Context: The simplicity and flexibility of the Junos REST API make it
ideal for DevOps automation tasks. It allows teams to easily interact with Junos devices using
lightweight RESTful methods, integrating with external systems through formats like CSV. The ease of
configuration supports rapid deployment and scaling of automated management tasks.
Reference from Juniper Documentation:
Junos REST API Documentation
What is the correct Python script syntax to prompt for input?
A
Explanation:
In Python, the correct syntax to prompt the user for input and store that input in a variable is:
input(prompt): The input() function is used to take input from the user. The string provided as an
argument (inside the parentheses) is displayed as a prompt to the user. The input provided by the
user is returned as a string and can be stored in a variable.
Example:
hostIP = input("Device IP address: ")
In this example, "Device IP address: " is the prompt displayed to the user, and the user's input will be
stored in the variable hostIP.
Options B, C, and D are syntactically incorrect in Python.
Reference:
Python Official Documentation: Describes the use of the input() function for getting user input.
Python Tutorials: Various tutorials demonstrate how to properly use the input() function in scripts.
Given the following Python script:
a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
print(a[0])
What is the output of this print command?
A
Explanation:
In Python, lists are zero-indexed, meaning the first element of the list is at index 0. The given script is:
pythona = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
print(a[0])
a[0] refers to the first element in the list a, which is 1.
So, the output of the print(a[0]) command is 1.
Option A is correct because Python indexing starts at 0, making the first element of the list at index 0.
Reference:
Python Official Documentation: Covers list indexing and operations.
Python Programming Tutorials: Provide examples of list indexing.
Which Junos API supports direct modification of the Ephemeral database?
A
Explanation:
In Junos, the JET (Junos Extension Toolkit) API supports direct modification of the Ephemeral
database. The Ephemeral database is a temporary configuration database used in Junos OS, allowing
for changes that do not persist after a reboot unless explicitly committed to the permanent
configuration.
JET API: Allows for high-performance interactions with Junos, including the ability to make changes
to the Ephemeral database, which is useful for temporary configurations, dynamic policies, and other
operational tasks.
Other options like WebSocket, SOAP, and REST do not provide direct access to the Ephemeral
database in Junos.
Reference:
Juniper Networks JET Documentation: Details how JET API interacts with the Ephemeral database.
Junos Automation and DevOps Documentation: Discusses the use of JET for automation and dynamic
configuration.
Which two statements about the REST API are correct? (Choose two.)
B, C
Explanation:
REST (Representational State Transfer) is an architectural style for designing networked applications,
and its key principles include:
Statelessness (B): Each request from the client to the server must contain all the information needed
to understand and process the request. The server does not store any session state between
requests, meaning each request is independent and does not rely on previous ones.
TCP Session State (C): While REST itself is stateless, the underlying TCP connection's state, such as
keeping the connection alive or managing retries, is handled by the client. The server does not retain
information about the TCP connection beyond the processing of the individual request.
Options A and D are incorrect because they imply that the REST API is stateful, which contradicts the
stateless nature of REST.
Reference:
REST API Design Principles: Describes the stateless nature of REST and the responsibility of clients in
managing session state.
Web Development Documentation: Discusses how REST APIs operate, focusing on statelessness and
client-server interaction.