Which of the following are common VLAN link types of Ethernet switches?
A,B,C
Explanation:
VLAN link types define how VLAN traffic is handled on switch ports. The three common VLAN link
types are:
Access Ports :
Used to connect end devices (e.g., PCs, printers) to the switch.
An access port belongs to only one VLAN and carries untagged traffic for that VLAN.
Example: A PC connected to an access port in VLAN 10 sends and receives untagged traffic.
Trunk Ports :
Used to connect switches or routers to carry traffic for multiple VLANs.
Trunk ports tag traffic with VLAN IDs using IEEE 802.1Q encapsulation.
Example: A trunk port connecting two switches carries tagged traffic for VLANs 10, 20, and 30.
Hybrid Ports :
A hybrid port can carry both tagged and untagged traffic.
It is flexible and can be used for scenarios where a mix of tagged and untagged traffic is required.
Example: A hybrid port might send untagged traffic for VLAN 10 and tagged traffic for VLAN 20.
Mix :
This is not a standard VLAN link type and does not exist in Ethernet switch configurations.
Thus, the correct answers are A (Trunk) , B (Access) , and C (Hybrid) .
Reference:
HCIA Huawei ACCESS Official Documentation , Chapter: VLAN Link Types.
IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Tagging Standards .
Which of the following statements about static routes is correct?
A
Explanation:
Static routes are manually configured by network administrators and are not dynamically updated by
routing protocols. Let us analyze each option:
Option A :
Correct : Static routes are manually added to the routing table by the administrator. They remain
unchanged unless manually modified or removed.
Option B :
Incorrect : Static routes are not automatically recalculated when the network topology changes. If a
static route becomes invalid due to a topology change, the administrator must manually update it.
Option C :
Incorrect : Static routes are not learned from other routing protocols. Routes learned from dynamic
protocols (e.g., OSPF, RIP) are dynamic routes, not static routes.
Option D :
Incorrect : Static routes are not preconfigured on routers before delivery. They are configured by
administrators based on the network design.
Thus, the correct answer is A .
Reference:
HCIA Huawei ACCESS Official Documentation , Chapter: Static Routing.
Routing Protocols and Static Routes by Huawei.
Which of the following statements about static route configuration is correct?
D
Explanation:
When configuring a static route, certain parameters are required for the route to function correctly.
Let us analyze each option:
Option A :
Incorrect : The preference (or administrative distance) is optional. If not specified, the router uses the
default preference value for static routes.
Option B :
Incorrect : While the next-hop IP address is commonly used in static route configuration, it is not
always mandatory. For example, you can specify an outgoing interface instead of a next-hop address.
Option C :
Incorrect : The subnet mask is essential for defining the network prefix of the destination network.
Without the mask, the router cannot determine the range of IP addresses covered by the route.
Option D :
Correct : The subnet mask is mandatory when configuring a static route. It defines the network
portion of the destination IP address, enabling the router to match packets to the correct route.
Thus, the correct answer is D .
Reference:
HCIA Huawei ACCESS Official Documentation , Chapter: Static Route Configuration.
IP Routing and Subnet Masks by Huawei.
Which of the following indicator status indicates that the MA5600T/MA5680T control board is
running properly?
B
Explanation:
The MA5600T/MA5680T is a Huawei Optical Line Terminal (OLT) device used in GPON networks. The
status of the control board's indicator lights provides critical information about the device's
operational state.
Option A :
Incorrect : If the green light is on and off repeatedly without a specific pattern, it may indicate an
unstable or faulty state.
Option B :
Correct : A steady green light indicates that the control board is running properly and is in a normal
operating state. This is the expected status for a healthy control board.
Option C :
Incorrect : A blinking pattern of 0.5s on and 0.5s off typically indicates that the control board is in a
transitional state, such as booting up or initializing.
Option D :
Incorrect : A rapid blinking pattern of 0.25s on and 0.25s off usually signifies an alarm or error
condition.
Thus, the correct answer is B , as a steady green light indicates normal operation.
Reference:
HCIA Huawei ACCESS Official Documentation , Chapter: OLT Device Indicators.
MA5600T/MA5680T Maintenance Manual by Huawei.
Generally, an OLT is a switch or router and a multi-service provisioning platform.
A
Explanation:
An OLT (Optical Line Terminal) is a key component in fiber-optic access networks, particularly in
GPON and XGS-PON systems. It serves multiple roles:
Switch or Router Role :
The OLT acts as a Layer 2/Layer 3 switch or router, aggregating traffic from multiple ONUs (Optical
Network Units) and forwarding it to the core network.
Multi-Service Provisioning Platform :
The OLT supports multiple services, including Internet access (data), voice (VoIP), and video (IPTV). It
integrates these services over a single fiber infrastructure, making it a versatile platform for service
providers.
Why TRUE?
The statement accurately describes the OLT's functionality as both a switch/router and a multi-
service provisioning platform.
Thus, the correct answer is A .
Reference:
HCIA Huawei ACCESS Official Documentation , Chapter: OLT Functionality.
GPON System Architecture by Huawei.
The OLT supports multiple protection switching modes for GPON lines. The ( ) technology is
supported by the OLT to protect the backbone and branch optical fibers at the same time.
A
Explanation:
GPON networks use various protection mechanisms to ensure high availability and reliability. These
mechanisms are classified into different types based on their scope and functionality:
Type A :
Protects only the trunk fiber (between the OLT and the splitter).
Does not protect branch fibers (between the splitter and ONUs).
Type B :
Protects the trunk fiber but does not provide simultaneous protection for branch fibers.
Type C :
Provides full protection for both the trunk and branch fibers.
Uses redundant fibers and splitters to ensure continuity in case of a failure.
Type D :
Not a standard GPON protection type.
Since the question specifies protection for both the backbone (trunk) and branch fibers, the correct
answer is Type C .
Reference:
HCIA Huawei ACCESS Official Documentation , Chapter: GPON Protection Mechanisms.
GPON Redundancy and Protection Schemes by Huawei.
Which one of the following protection schemes can protect branch fibers?
D
Explanation:
Let us analyze each protection scheme:
Type A Protection :
Protects only the trunk fiber (between the OLT and the splitter).
Does not protect branch fibers.
Type B Single-Homing Protection :
Protects the trunk fiber but does not extend protection to branch fibers.
Type B Dual-Homing Protection :
Similar to Type B single-homing but uses two OLTs for redundancy. Still does not protect branch
fibers.
Type C Protection :
Provides end-to-end protection , covering both the trunk and branch fibers.
Uses redundant fibers and splitters to ensure continuity in case of failures in either the trunk or
branch fibers.
Thus, the correct answer is D , as Type C protection is the only scheme that protects branch fibers.
Reference:
HCIA Huawei ACCESS Official Documentation , Chapter: GPON Protection Mechanisms.
GPON Redundancy and Protection Schemes by Huawei.
GPON is an Ethernet-based passive optical access technology that complies with IEEE 802.3ah.
B
Explanation:
GPON Overview :
GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network) is a fiber-optic access technology standardized by the ITU-T
(International Telecommunication Union) under the G.984.x series of standards.
It is not based on Ethernet but uses its own framing structure called GEM (GPON Encapsulation
Method) for data transmission.
IEEE 802.3ah :
IEEE 802.3ah is the standard for EPON (Ethernet Passive Optical Network) , which is a competing
technology to GPON.
EPON uses Ethernet frames for data transmission and is standardized by the IEEE, unlike GPON,
which is standardized by ITU-T.
Why FALSE?
The statement incorrectly associates GPON with IEEE 802.3ah, which applies to EPON, not GPON.
Thus, the correct answer is B .
Reference:
HCIA Huawei ACCESS Official Documentation , Chapter: GPON vs. EPON.
ITU-T G.984.x Standards for GPON .
According to the ITU-T G.984.X series standards, the downstream transmission wavelength of the
GPON network is ( ) nm.
A
Explanation:
GPON Wavelengths :
GPON networks use specific wavelengths for upstream and downstream transmission:
Downstream (OLT to ONU) : 1490 nm.
Upstream (ONU to OLT) : 1310 nm.
Optional CATV overlay : 1550 nm (used for video services).
Why 1490 nm?
The ITU-T G.984.x standards specify 1490 nm as the wavelength for downstream data transmission in
GPON networks. This wavelength is chosen for optimal performance in fiber-optic communication.
Other Options :
850 nm : Used in multimode fiber for short-distance communication, not in GPON.
1310 nm : Used for upstream transmission in GPON.
1550 nm : Optional wavelength for CATV overlay, not for standard downstream data.
Thus, the correct answer is A .
Reference:
HCIA Huawei ACCESS Official Documentation , Chapter: GPON Wavelengths.
ITU-T G.984.x Standards for GPON .
In the downstream direction of the GPON, all ONUs receive the same data because the broadcast
mode is adopted. In the upstream direction, because the same optical splitter is used, the data of a
branch fiber can also be received by another branch fiber.
B
Explanation:
Downstream Transmission :
In GPON, downstream data is broadcast to all ONUs. However, each ONU only processes the data
intended for it, identified by a unique identifier (ONU ID).
Upstream Transmission :
In the upstream direction, GPON uses TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) to prevent collisions.
Each ONU transmits data during its allocated time slot, and the optical splitter does not allow data
from one branch fiber to interfere with another.
Why FALSE?
The second part of the statement is incorrect. Data from one branch fiber cannot be received by
another branch fiber due to the TDMA mechanism and the design of the passive optical splitter.
Thus, the correct answer is B .
Reference:
HCIA Huawei ACCESS Official Documentation , Chapter: GPON Upstream and Downstream
Transmission.
GPON System Architecture by Huawei.