To respond quickly to changes while implementing ZT Strategy, an
organization requires a mindset and culture of
A. learning and growth.
B. continuous risk evaluation and policy adjustment.
C. continuous process improvement.
D. project governance.
B
To respond quickly to changes while implementing ZT Strategy, an organization requires a mindset
and culture of continuous risk evaluation and policy adjustment. This means that the organization
should constantly monitor the threat landscape, assess the security posture, and update the policies
and controls accordingly to maintain a high level of protection and resilience. The organization
should also embrace feedback, learning, and improvement as part of the ZT journey.
Reference=
Certificate of Competence in Zero Trust (CCZT) prepkit
, page 7, section 1.3
Cultivating a Zero Trust mindset - AWS Prescriptive Guidance
, section “Continuous learning and
improvement”
a paradigm shift in cybersecurity - PwC
, section “Continuous monitoring and
improvement”
What is one of the key purposes of leveraging visibility & analytics
capabilities in a ZTA?
A. Automatically granting access to all requested applications and
data.
B. Ensuring device compatibility with legacy applications.
C. Enhancing network performance for faster data access.
D. Continually evaluating user behavior against a baseline to identify
unusual actions.
D
One of the key purposes of leveraging visibility & analytics capabilities in a ZTA is to continually
evaluate user behavior against a baseline to identify unusual actions. This helps to detect and
respond to potential threats, anomalies, and deviations from the normal patterns of user activity.
Visibility & analytics capabilities also enable the collection and analysis of telemetry data across all
the core pillars of ZTA, such as user, device, network, application, and data, and provide insights for
policy enforcement and improvement.
Reference=
Certificate of Competence in Zero Trust (CCZT) prepkit
, page 15, section 2.2.3
4 Steps You Need to Know
, section “Continuously verify trust
with visibility & analytics”
The role of visibility and analytics in zero trust architectures
, section “The basic NIST tenets of this
approach include”
What is Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA)? | NextLabs
, section “With real-time access control, users are
reliably verified and authenticated before each session”
The following list describes the SDP onboarding process/procedure.
What is the third step? 1. SDP controllers are brought online first. 2.
Accepting hosts are enlisted as SDP gateways that connect to and
authenticate with the SDP controller. 3.
A. Initiating hosts are then onboarded and authenticated by the SDP
gateway
B. Clients on the initiating hosts are then onboarded and
authenticated by the SDP controller
C. SDP gateway is brought online
D. Finally, SDP controllers are then brought online
A
The third step in the SDP onboarding process is to onboard and authenticate the initiating hosts,
which are the clients that request access to the protected resources. The initiating hosts connect to
and authenticate with the SDP gateway, which acts as an accepting host and a proxy for the
protected resources. The SDP gateway verifies the identity and posture of the initiating hosts and
grants them access to the resources based on the policies defined by the SDP controller.
Reference=
Certificate of Competence in Zero Trust (CCZT) prepkit
, page 21, section 3.1.2
6 SDP Deployment Models to Achieve Zero Trust | CSA
, section “Deployment Models Explained”
Software-Defined Perimeter (SDP) and Zero Trust | CSA
, page 7, section 3.1
Which of the following is a common activity in the scope, priority,
and business case steps of ZT planning?
A. Determine the organization's current state
B. Prioritize protect surfaces
O C. Develop a target architecture
D. Identify business and service owners
A
A common activity in the scope, priority, and business case steps of ZT planning is to determine the
organization’s current state. This involves assessing the existing security posture, architecture,
policies, processes, and capabilities of the organization, as well as identifying the key stakeholders,
business drivers, and goals for the ZT initiative. Determining the current state helps to establish a
baseline, identify gaps and risks, and define the scope and priority of the ZT transformation.
Reference=
Zero Trust Planning - Cloud Security Alliance
, section “Scope, Priority, & Business Case”
4 Phases of Implementation - SEI Blog
Prepare”
Within the context of risk management, what are the essential
components of an organization's ongoing risk analysis?
A. Gap analysis, security policies, and migration
B. Assessment frequency, metrics, and data
C. Log scoping, log sources, and anomalies
D. Incident management, change management, and compliance
B
The essential components of an organization’s ongoing risk analysis are assessment frequency,
metrics, and data. Assessment frequency refers to how often the organization conducts risk
assessments to monitor and measure the effectiveness of the zero trust architecture and policies.
Metrics refer to the quantitative and qualitative indicators that are used to evaluate the security
posture, performance, and compliance of the zero trust architecture. Data refers to the information
that is collected, analyzed, and reported from various sources, such as telemetry, logs, audits, and
feedback, to support risk analysis and decision making.
Reference=
Zero Trust Planning - Cloud Security Alliance
, section “Monitor & Measure”
How to improve risk management using Zero Trust architecture | Microsoft Security Blog
, section
“Monitoring and reporting”
Managing Risk with Cybersecurity Engineering and Adaptive Risk Assessment -
SEI Blog
, section “Continuous Monitoring and Improvement”
ZTA reduces management overhead by applying a consistent
access model throughout the environment for all assets. What can
be said about ZTA models in terms of access decisions?
A. The traffic of the access workflow must contain all the parameters
for the policy decision points.
B. The traffic of the access workflow must contain all the parameters
for the policy enforcement points.
C. Each access request is handled just-in-time by the policy decision
points.
D. Access revocation data will be passed from the policy decision
points to the policy enforcement points.
C
ZTA models in terms of access decisions are based on the principle of “never trust, always verify”,
which means that each access request is handled just-in-time by the policy decision points. The
policy decision points are the components in a ZTA that evaluate the policies and the contextual data
collected from various sources, such as the user identity, the device posture, the network location,
the resource attributes, and the environmental factors, and then generate an access decision. The
access decision is communicated to the policy enforcement points, which enforce the decision on the
resource. This way, ZTA models apply a consistent access model throughout the environment for all
assets, regardless of their location, type, or ownership.
Reference=
Certificate of Competence in Zero Trust (CCZT) prepkit
, page 14, section 2.2.2
What Is Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA)? - F5
, section “Policy Engine”
Zero trust security model - Wikipedia
, section “What Is Zero Trust Architecture?”
Zero Trust Maturity Model | CISA
, section “Zero trust security model”
To successfully implement ZT security, two crucial processes must
be planned and aligned with existing access procedures that the ZT
implementation might impact. What are these two processes?
A. Incident and response management
B. Training and awareness programs
C. Vulnerability disclosure and patching management
D. Business continuity planning (BCP) and disaster recovery (DR)
A
For a successful implementation of Zero Trust security, planning and aligning incident and response
management processes with existing access procedures are crucial. These processes ensure that the
organization is prepared to effectively respond to security incidents and breaches, minimizing
potential impacts. Aligning these processes with Zero Trust principles enhances the organization's
resilience and ability to quickly adapt to threats, maintaining the integrity and availability of its
systems and data.
In a ZTA, the logical combination of both the policy engine (PE) and
policy administrator (PA) is called
A. policy decision point (PDP)
B. role-based access
O C. policy enforcement point (PEP)
D. data access policy
A
In a ZTA, the logical combination of both the policy engine (PE) and policy administrator (PA) is called
the policy decision point (PDP). The PE is the component that evaluates the policies and the
contextual data collected from various sources and generates an access decision. The PA is the
component that establishes or terminates the communication between a subject and a resource
based on the access decision. The PDP communicates with the policy enforcement point (PEP), which
enforces the access decision on the resource.
Reference=
Certificate of Competence in Zero Trust (CCZT) prepkit
, page 14, section 2.2.2
Zero Trust Architecture Project - NIST Computer Security Resource Center
, slide 9
What Is a Zero Trust Security Framework? | Votiro
, section “The Policy Engine and Policy
Administrator”
Zero Trust Frameworks Architecture Guide - Cisco
, page 4, section “Policy Decision Point”
To ensure a successful ZT effort, it is important to
A. engage finance regularly so they understand the effort and do not
cancel the project
B. keep the effort focused within IT to avoid any distractions
C. engage stakeholders across the organization and at all levels,
including functional areas
D. minimize communication with the business units to avoid "scope
creep"
C
To ensure a successful ZT effort, it is important to engage stakeholders across the organization and at
all levels, including functional areas. This helps to align the ZT vision and goals with the business
priorities and needs, gain buy-in and support from the leadership and the users, and foster a culture
of collaboration and trust. Engaging stakeholders also enables the identification and mapping of the
critical assets, workflows, and dependencies, as well as the communication and feedback
mechanisms for the ZT transformation.
Reference=
Certificate of Competence in Zero Trust (CCZT) prepkit
, page 7, section 1.3
Zero Trust Planning - Cloud Security Alliance
, section “Scope, Priority, & Business Case”
Towards understanding and …
, section “3.1 Ensuring buy-in
across the organization with tangible impact”
Of the following, which option is a prerequisite action to understand the organization's protect
surface clearly?
A. Data and asset classification
B. Threat intelligence capability and monitoring
C. Gap analysis of the organization's threat landscape
D. To have the latest risk register for controls implementation
A
Data and asset classification is a prerequisite action to understand the organization’s protect surface
clearly because it helps to identify the most critical and sensitive data and assets that need to be
protected by Zero Trust principles. Data and asset classification also helps to define the appropriate
policies and controls for different levels of data and asset sensitivity.
Reference=
Certificate of Competence in Zero Trust (CCZT) - Cloud Security Alliance
,
Zero Trust
Data and Asset Classification